Kakawin: The Magnificent Epic Literature of Ancient Bali

What is Kakawin?

Kakawin are epic poems in Old Javanese (kawi) adapting Hindu epics from India, written in Balinese script on lontar manuscripts.

Famous Kakawin

Kakawin Ramayana

Adaptation of the Indian Ramayana, written around the 9th century AD.

Kakawin Arjunawiwaha

Written by Mpu Kanwa in the 11th century AD, considered a masterpiece of Old Javanese literature.

Kakawin Sutasoma

Written by Mpu Tantular in the 14th century AD, containing the famous motto "Bhinneka Tunggal Ika" — later becoming Indonesia's national motto.

Structure

Kakawin use strict metrum (rhythmic patterns) adapted from Sanskrit chandas, each stanza with precise syllable counts.

Living Heritage

Kakawin are still recited (mabebasan) in Balinese traditional ceremonies, sung to traditional melodies.

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